{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:28:37Z","timestamp":1790213317773,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]],"date-time":"2016-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007048","name":"Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidemiological studies of drug\u2010induced parkinsonism remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the incidence and time trends of drug\u2010induced parkinsonism over 30 years in a geographically defined American population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the medical records\u2010linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify all persons in Olmsted County, Minnesota, who received a screening diagnostic code for parkinsonism from 1976 through 2005. A movement disorders specialist reviewed the complete medical records of each person to confirm the presence of drug\u2010induced parkinsonism associated with dopamine\u2010blocking or dopamine\u2010depleting medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 906 incident cases of parkinsonism from 1976 to 2005, 108 persons had drug\u2010induced parkinsonism (11.9%). The average annual incidence rate of drug\u2010induced parkinsonism was 3.3 per 100,000 person\u2010years, was higher in women, and increased with older age. Drug\u2010induced parkinsonism was the fifth\u2010most common type of parkinsonism overall; however, it was the most common type among persons younger than age 40 years. Typical antipsychotic drugs were the most common class of drugs associated with parkinsonism, whereas atypical antipsychotic drugs were rarely involved. The incidence rate of drug\u2010induced parkinsonism decreased 32.0% per decade (relative risk\u2009=\u20090.68; 95% confidence interval: 0.49\u20130.94) and 68.6% over the 30 years of the study. The decrease was similar in men (65.2%) and women (69.4%); however, the trend was significant only in women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of drug\u2010induced parkinsonism increased with older age and was higher in women at all ages. Typical antipsychotic drugs were the most common cause. The incidence of drug\u2010induced parkinsonism decreased over the 30 years of the study because of changes in drug use. \u00a9 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]],"date-time":"2016-10-25T09:53:18Z","timestamp":1477389198000},"page":"227-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Incidence and time trends of drug\u2010induced parkinsonism: A 30\u2010year population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Savica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon R.","family":"Grossardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Bower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Eric","family":"Ahlskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Mielke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter A.","family":"Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2006.01153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0956-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.073312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.16.1882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00127893-200211000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.3579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0947"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq482"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, National Center for Health Statistics. 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