{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:45:13Z","timestamp":1783367113672,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BE4045\/10\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE4045\/10\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: Executive functions including behavioral adaptation and impulse control are commonly impaired in movement disorders caused by striatal pathology. However, as yet it is unclear what aspects of behavioral abnormalities are related to pathology in which striatal subcomponent, that is, the matrix and the striosomes. We therefore studied cognitive control in X\u2010linked dystonia\u2010parkinsonism, a model disease of striosomal degeneration, using behavioral paradigms and EEG.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: We studied genetically confirmed X\u2010linked dystonia\u2010parkinsonism patients (N\u2009=\u200921) in their early disease stages and healthy matched controls. Error\u2010related behavioral adaptation was tested in a flanker task and response inhibition in a Go\/Nogo paradigm during EEG. We focused on error\u2010related negativity during error processing and the Nogo\u2010N2 and Nogo\u2010P3 in the response inhibition task. Source localization analyses were calculated. In addition, total wavelet power and phase\u2010locking factor reflecting neural synchronization processes in time and frequency across trials were calculated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Error processing and behavioral adaptation predominantly engaging the anterior cingulate cortex was markedly impaired in X\u2010linked dystonia\u2010parkinsonism. This was reflected in abnormal reaction times correlating with error\u2010related negativity amplitudes, error related theta band activity, and the phase\u2010locking factor. Also, abnormal error processing correlated with dystonia severity but not with parkinsonism. Response inhibition and corresponding EEG activity were normal.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: This dissociable pattern of cognitive deficits most likely reflects predominant dysfunction of the striosomal compartment and its connections to the anterior cingulate cortex in X\u2010linked dystonia\u2010parkinsonism. The results underscore the importance of striosomes for cognitive function in humans and suggest that striosomes are relays of error\u2010related behavioral adaptation but not inhibitory control. \u00a9 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T07:18:54Z","timestamp":1483687134000},"page":"576-584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Striosomal dysfunction affects behavioral adaptation but not impulsivity\u2014Evidence from X\u2010linked dystonia\u2010parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Beste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universit\u00e4t (TU) Dresden Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"M\u00fcckschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universit\u00e4t (TU) Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"XDP Study Group, Philippine Children's Medical Center Quezon City Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aloysius","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurogenetics University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Neurology and Psychiatry University of Santo Tomas Manila 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