{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T23:40:57Z","timestamp":1782517257461,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001595","name":"Dystonia Medical Research Foundation (DMRF)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: Dystonia often has inconsistent benefits and requires more energy\u2010demanding DBS settings. Studies suggest that squared biphasic pulses could provide significant clinical benefit; however, dystonia patients have not been explored.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>: To assess safety and tolerability of square biphasic DBS in dystonia patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: This study included primary generalized or cervical dystonia patients with bilateral GPi DBS. Square biphasic pulses were implemented and patients were assessed at baseline, immediately postwashout, post\u201330\u2010minute washout, 1 hour post\u2010 and 2 hours postinitiation of investigational settings.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Ten participants completed the study. There were no patient\u2010reported or clinician\u2010observed side effects. There was improvement across time on the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200910.7; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.031). Similar improvement was detected in objective gait measurements.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: Square biphasic stimulation appears safe and feasible in dystonia patients with GPi DBS. Further studies are needed to evaluate possible effectiveness particularly in cervical and gait features. \u00a9 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T05:52:57Z","timestamp":1486965177000},"page":"615-618","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A pilot trial of square biphasic pulse deep brain stimulation for dystonia: The BIP dystonia study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0921-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration University of Florida, Department of Neurology Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8003-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Martinez\u2010Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration University of Florida, Department of Neurology Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration University of Florida, Department of Neurology Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wissam","family":"Deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration University of Florida, Department of Neurology Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sol De","family":"Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration University of Florida, Department of Neurology Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Terza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umer","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Raike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromodulation Global Research Medtronic Inc Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J.","family":"Hass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Okun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration University of Florida, Department of Neurology Gainesville Florida 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