{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T10:27:08Z","timestamp":1781260028811,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54NS065701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54NS065701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early theories for cervical dystonia, as promoted by Hassler, emphasized the role of the midbrain interstitial nucleus of Cajal. Focus then shifted to the basal ganglia, and it was further supported with the success of deep brain stimulation. Contemporary theories suggested the role of the cerebellum, but even more recent hypotheses renewed interest in the midbrain. Although the pretectum was visited on several occasions, we still do not know about the physiology of midbrain neurons in cervical dystonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the unique database of pretectal neurons collected in the 1970s and 1980s during historic stereotactic surgeries aimed to treat cervical dystonia. This database is valuable because such recordings could otherwise never be obtained from humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found the following 3 types of eye or neck movement sensitivity: eye\u2010only neurons responded to pure vertical eye movements, neck\u2010only neurons were sensitive to pure neck movements, and the combined eye\u2010neck neurons responded to eye and neck movements. There were the 2 neuronal subtypes: burst\u2010tonic and tonic. The eye\u2010neck or eye\u2010only neurons sustained their activity during eccentric gaze holding. In contrast, the response of neck\u2010only and eye\u2010neck neurons exponentially decayed during neck movements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Modern quantitative analysis of a historic database of midbrain single units from patients with cervical dystonia might support novel hypotheses for normal and abnormal head movements. This data, collected almost 4 decades ago, must be carefully viewed, especially because it was acquired using a less sophisticated technology available at that time and the aim was not to address specific hypothesis, but to make an accurate lesion providing optimal relief from dystonia. \u00a9 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T06:37:26Z","timestamp":1487572646000},"page":"904-912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Physiology of midbrain head movement neurons in cervical dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Alexey","family":"Sedov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Burdenko Scientific Research Neurosurgery Institute Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Shabalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burdenko Scientific Research Neurosurgery Institute Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Raeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. A.","family":"Jinnah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aasef G.","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Neurological Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Neurology Service and Daroff\u2010Dell'Osso Ocular Motility Laboratory Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center Cleveland Ohio 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