{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:09:15Z","timestamp":1792804155806,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation (ISF)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["743\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["743\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: Tourette syndrome is a hyperkinetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by tics.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>: Assess the neuronal changes in the associative\/limbic GP associated with Tourette syndrome.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: Neurophysiological recordings were performed from the anterior (associative\/limbic) GPe and GPi of 8 awake patients during DBS electrode implantation surgeries.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: The baseline firing rate of the neurons was low in a state\u2010dependent manner in both segments of the GP. Tic\u2010dependent transient rate changes were found in the activity of individual neurons of both segments around the time of the tic. Neither oscillatory activity of individual neurons nor correlations in their interactions were observed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: The results demonstrate the involvement of the associative\/limbic pathway in the underlying pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome and point to tonic and phasic modulations of basal ganglia output as a key mechanisms underlying the abnormal state of the disorder and the expression of individual tics, respectively. \u00a9 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T06:16:39Z","timestamp":1496038599000},"page":"1091-1096","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Tonic and phasic changes in anteromedial globus pallidus activity in Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Israelashvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Leslie &amp; Susan Goldschmied (Gonda) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center Bar\u2010Ilan University Ramat\u2010Gan Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anouk Y.J.M.","family":"Smeets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Bronfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Leslie &amp; Susan Goldschmied (Gonda) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center Bar\u2010Ilan University Ramat\u2010Gan Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar H.","family":"Zeef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert F.G.","family":"Leentjens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivianne","family":"van Kranen\u2010Mastenbroek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus L.F.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasin","family":"Temel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ackermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izhar","family":"Bar\u2010Gad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Leslie &amp; 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