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A range of biochemical and imaging biomarkers are relevant to patients with Lewy body disorders, including PD, PD dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Dopaminergic imaging is used for differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders versus tremor disorders without dopamingeric deficits, and also to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease. Markers of underlying Alzheimer's disease pathology have been applied to PD patients experiencing cognitive decline to determine the extent of mixed pathology in these cases. Assessment of alpha\u2010synuclein species in spinal fluid is possible, and more specific assays attempt to identify alpha\u2010synuclein aggregates or phosphorylated alpha\u2010synuclein. While alpha\u2010synuclein markers are intended to measure the pathology most central to PD dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, convincing evidence of robust reliability and validity from multiple laboratories is lacking. Similarly, alpha\u2010synuclein imaging by PET or single\u2010photon emission computed tomography, while an important research goal, is not yet available. In addition to their uses in the clinic, biomarkers have natural uses in therapeutic trials that target cognitive and neuropsychiatric features of Lewy body disorders. The biomarkers most likely to be incorporated into trials are dopaminergic and amyloid imaging for the purpose of accurate patient selection, and possibly to demonstrate the utility of antiamyloid treatments in Lewy body disorders patients with mixed pathology. \u00a9 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T17:45:40Z","timestamp":1523036740000},"page":"528-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Lewy body disorders: Status and relevance for clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Siderowf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Philadelphia 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