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Because the noble gas xenon inhibits excitatory glutamatergic signaling, primarily through allosteric antagonism of the N\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010aspartate receptors, we aimed to test its putative antidyskinetic capabilities. We first studied the direct effect of xenon gas exposure on corticostriatal plasticity in a murine model of levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesia We then studied the impact of xenon inhalation on behavioral dyskinetic manifestations in the gold\u2010standard rat and primate models of PD and levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesia. Last, we studied the effect of xenon inhalation on axial gait and posture deficits in a primate model of PD with levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesia. This study shows that xenon gas exposure (1) normalized synaptic transmission and reversed maladaptive plasticity of corticostriatal glutamatergic projections associated with levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesia, (2) ameliorated dyskinesia in rat and nonhuman primate models of PD and dyskinesia, and (3) improved gait performance in a nonhuman primate model of PD. These results pave the way for clinical testing of this unconventional but safe approach. \u00a9 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T03:06:21Z","timestamp":1526267181000},"page":"1632-1642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Inhaling xenon ameliorates <scp>l<\/scp>\u2010dopa\u2010induced dyskinesia in experimental parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Baufreton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives Bordeaux France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives Bordeaux 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