{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:50:07Z","timestamp":1786978207083,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Tics can be voluntarily inhibited. However, the neurophysiology of voluntary tic inhibition remains underexplored. The objective of this study was to explore state\u2010dependent effects of voluntary tic inhibition on M1 excitability.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Neurophysiological assessments (single motor\u2010evoked potentials, corticospinal recruitment curves, short\u2010interval intracortical inhibition, H\u2010reflex) were performed in 14 adults with Tourette syndrome during voluntary tic inhibition and free ticcing. Regressions between behavioral performance and neurophysiological measures were also performed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Voluntary tic inhibition reduced corticospinal excitability: the greater the ability to inhibit tics, the greater was the reduction in excitability. Voluntary tic inhibition was not associated with changes in the excitability of short\u2010interval intracortical inhibition or the H\u2010reflex.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Voluntary inhibition of tics reduces the excitability of corticospinal output. The pattern of neurophysiological findings is consistent with a withdrawal of excitation, but not with modulation of the inhibitory interneuronal mechanisms involved in short\u2010interval intracortical inhibition. \u00a9 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T09:51:10Z","timestamp":1540979470000},"page":"1804-1809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Motor cortical excitability during voluntary inhibition of involuntary tic movements"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Christos","family":"Ganos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Latorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Hockey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailash P.","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Haggard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-016-0525-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0010-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2016.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26228"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"H reflexes from the tibial and median nerves. 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