{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:48:22Z","timestamp":1790776102279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Ministry of Health","award":["PHRC AOM 1008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHRC AOM 1008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impulse control disorders are frequently associated with dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease. Genetic studies have suggested a high heritability of impulse control disorders in the general population and in PD. The aim of this study was to identify candidate gene variants associated with impulse control disorders and related behaviors in PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a multicenter case\u2010control study in PD patients with (cases) or without impulse control disorders and related behaviors despite significant dopamine agonist exposure of &gt;300\u2009mg levodopa\u2010equivalent daily dose during 12 months (controls). Behavioral disorders were assessed using the Ardouin scale. We investigated 50 variants in 24 candidate genes by a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex and age at PD onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis was performed on 172 cases and 132 controls. Cases were younger (60\u2009\u00b1\u20098 vs 63\u2009\u00b1\u20098 years; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and had a higher family history of pathological gambling (12% vs 5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). No variant was significantly associated with impulse control disorders or related behaviors after correction for multiple testing, although the 2 top variants were close to significant (<jats:italic>OPRM1<\/jats:italic> rs179991, OR, 0.49; 95%CI, 0.32\u20100.76; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0013; Bonferroni adjusted <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.065; <jats:italic>DAT1<\/jats:italic> 40\u2010base pair variable number tandem repeat, OR, 1.82; 95%CI, 1.24\u20102.68; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0021; Bonferroni adjusted <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.105).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results are suggestive of a novel association of the opioid receptor gene <jats:italic>OPRM1<\/jats:italic> with impulse control disorders and related behaviors in PD and confirm a previous association with <jats:italic>DAT1<\/jats:italic>. Although replication in independent studies is needed, our results bring potential new insights to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of impulse control disorders. \u00a9 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T15:00:19Z","timestamp":1542380419000},"page":"1878-1886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Suggestive association between <i>OPRM1<\/i> and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Florence","family":"Cormier\u2010Dequaire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UMR_S1127, ICM  F\u201075013 Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM, UMR_S1127  Paris France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR_7225  Paris France"},{"name":"Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, CHU Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Department of Neurology, CIC\u20101422, NS\u2010PARK\/FCRIN network  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Bekadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UMR_S1127, ICM  F\u201075013 Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM, UMR_S1127  Paris France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR_7225  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Anheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Neurologie, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM\u2010U964\/CNRS\u2010UMR7104\/Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg  Illkirch France"},{"name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de M\u00e9decine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg  Strasbourg 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