{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:05:25Z","timestamp":1790694325617,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91215076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91215076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An important challenge in Parkinson's disease research is how to measure disease progression, ideally at the individual patient level. The MDS\u2010UPDRS, a clinical assessment of motor and nonmotor impairments, is widely used in longitudinal studies. However, its ability to assess within\u2010subject changes is not well known. The objective of this study was to estimate the reliability of the MDS\u2010UPDRS when used to measure within\u2010subject changes in disease progression under real\u2010world conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort and included repeated MDS\u2010UPDRS measurements from 423 de novo Parkinson's disease patients (median follow\u2010up: 54 months). Subtotals were calculated for parts I, II, and III (in on and off states). In addition, factor scores were extracted from each part. A linear Gaussian state space model was used to differentiate variance introduced by long\u2010lasting changes from variance introduced by measurement error and short\u2010term fluctuations. Based on this, we determined the within\u2010subject reliability of 1\u2010year change scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the within\u2010subject reliability ranged from 0.13 to 0.62. Of the subscales, parts II and III (OFF) demonstrated the highest within\u2010subject reliability (both 0.50). Of the factor scores, the scores related to gait\/posture (0.62), mobility (0.45), and rest tremor (0.43) showed the most consistent behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results highlight that MDS\u2010UPDRS change scores contain a substantial amount of error variance, underscoring the need for more reliable instruments to forward our understanding of the heterogeneity in PD progression. Focusing on gait and rest tremor may be a promising approach for an early Parkinson's disease population. \u00a9 2019 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T14:18:36Z","timestamp":1562768316000},"page":"1480-1487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Measuring Parkinson's disease over time: The real\u2010world within\u2010subject reliability of the MDS\u2010UPDRS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8241-5087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc J.W.","family":"Evers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Department of Neurology  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboud University; Institute for Computing and Information Sciences  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse H.","family":"Krijthe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University; Institute for Computing and Information Sciences  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan J.","family":"Meinders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences; Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare)  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan R.","family":"Bloem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Department of Neurology  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom M.","family":"Heskes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University; Institute for Computing and Information Sciences  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-171100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6624-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2496(66)90002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/073500104000000190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/84.3.669"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30328-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200005)15:3<479::AID-MDS1009>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70291-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.173740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2419317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2310904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26718"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.27790","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.27790","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.27790","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.27790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:12:36Z","timestamp":1760955156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.27790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.27790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27790","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.736177672.793578829","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}