{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:46:07Z","timestamp":1790088367217,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIRG\u201009\u2010133014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIRG\u201009\u2010133014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identification and characterization of Parkinson's disease (PD) in its prodromal stage is crucial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the association between motor function and the probability of prodromal PD in a community\u2010dwelling older population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from a population\u2010based cohort of older adults (HELIAD study). Subjective motor function was evaluated with a 12\u2010item motor symptoms questionnaire and objective motor function indirectly with a physical activity questionnaire and two gait speed tests. The probability of prodromal PD was calculated according to the Movement Disorder Society research criteria for n = 1731 without PD. Regression multiadjusted models were used to investigate the associations between each motor measure and prodromal PD probability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For each unit increase in motor symptoms score and for each kcal\/kg\/day lower energy expenditure (corresponding to 20 minutes of light walking\/day for a 75\u2010kg man) there was a 27% and 3% higher probability for prodromal PD, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Having at least one subjective motor symptom increased the odds of having possible\/probable prodromal PD (n = 49; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Including subjective and indirect motor variables in the same model showed that both (symptoms and physical activity) contributed significantly to the model (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Excluding subthreshold parkinsonism from the calculation showed that gait speed less than 0.8 m\/s was also associated with a higher prodromal PD probability score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjective motor symptoms as well as simple objective motor measures of physical activity or gait speed are associated with a higher probability of prodromal PD in older adults. These data may serve to enable the early identification of prodromal PD cohorts, particularly if they are confirmed in longitudinal studies. \u00a9 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T09:29:44Z","timestamp":1563355784000},"page":"1345-1353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Motor function and the probability of prodromal Parkinson's disease in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Maria I.","family":"Maraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University  Athens Greece"},{"name":"Section of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas","family":"Stefanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1<sup>st<\/sup> Department of Neurology Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School  Athens Greece"},{"name":"Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Yannakoulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary H.","family":"Kosmidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Xiromerisiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Thessaly  Larissa Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efthimios","family":"Dardiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Thessaly  Larissa Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios M.","family":"Hadjigeorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Thessaly  Larissa Greece"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical School, University of Cyprus  Cyprus Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Sakka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders  Marousi Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Scarmeas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1<sup>st<\/sup> Department of Neurology Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School  Athens Greece"},{"name":"Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain The Gertrude H. 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