{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T06:20:25Z","timestamp":1792304425427,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:italic>MDS Research Criteria for Prodromal PD<\/jats:italic>\n                    allow the diagnosis of prodromal Parkinson's disease using an evidence\u2010based conceptual framework, which was designed to be updated as new evidence becomes available. New prospective evidence of predictive values of risk and prodromal markers published since 2015 was reviewed and integrated into the criteria. Many of the predictive values (likelihood ratios, LR) remain unchanged. The positive likelihood ratio notably increase for olfactory loss and decreased for substantia nigra hyperechogenicity. Negative likelihood ratio remained largely unchanged for all markers. New levels of diagnostic certainty for neurogenic and symptomatic orthostatic hypotension have been added, which substantially differ in positive likelihood ratio from the original publication. For intermediate strength genetic variants, their age\u2010related penetrance is now incorporated in the calculation of the positive likelihood ratio. Moreover, apart from prospective studies, evidence from cross\u2010sectional case\u2010control genome\u2010wide association studies is also considered (given their likely lack of confounding and reverse causation), and to account for the effect of multiple low\u2010penetrance genetic variants polygenic risk scores are added to the model. Diabetes, global cognitive deficit, physical inactivity, and low plasma urate levels in men enter the criteria as new markers. A web\u2010based prodromal PD risk calculator allows the calculation of probabilities of prodromal PD for individuals. Several promising candidate markers may improve the diagnostic accuracy of prodromal PD in the future. \u00a9 2019 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T17:08:51Z","timestamp":1565802531000},"page":"1464-1470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":768,"title":["Update of the MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Heinzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010University  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010University  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan 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