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Immunohistological identification of p\u2010serine 129 \u03b1\u2010synuclein in the submandibular gland tissues of PD patients has been recently reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report on a proof\u2010of\u2010principle study for using an ultra\u2010sensitive and specific, real\u2010time quaking\u2010induced conversion assay to detect pathological \u03b1\u2010synuclein in the submandibular gland tissues of PD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The \u03b1\u2010synuclein real\u2010time quaking\u2010induced conversion assay was used to detect and quantify pathological \u03b1\u2010synuclein levels in PD, incidental Lewy body disease, and control submandibular gland tissues as well as in formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded sections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We determined the quantitative seeding kinetics of pathological \u03b1\u2010synuclein present in submandibular gland tissues from autopsied subjects using the \u03b1\u2010synuclein real\u2010time quaking\u2010induced conversion assay. A total of 32 cases comprising 13 PD, 3 incidental Lewy body disease, and 16 controls showed 100% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Interestingly, both PD and incidental Lewy body disease tissues showed 100% concordance for elevated levels of pathological \u03b1\u2010synuclein seeding activity compared to control tissues. End\u2010point dilution kinetic analyses revealed that the submandibular gland had a wide dynamic range of pathological \u03b1\u2010synuclein seeding activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results are the first to demonstrate the utility of using the real\u2010time quaking\u2010induced conversion assay on peripherally accessible submandibular gland tissues and formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded tissue sections to detect PD\u2010related pathological changes with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, the detection of seeding activity from incidental Lewy body disease cases containing immunohistochemically undetected pathological \u03b1\u2010synuclein demonstrates the \u03b1\u2010synuclein real\u2010time quaking\u2010induced conversion assay's potential utility for identifying prodromal PD in submandibular gland tissues. \u00a9 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]],"date-time":"2019-11-23T08:14:36Z","timestamp":1574496876000},"page":"268-278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["\u03b1\u2010Synuclein Real\u2010Time Quaking\u2010Induced Conversion in the Submandibular Glands of Parkinson's Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sireesha","family":"Manne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Kondru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huajun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vellareddy","family":"Anantharam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Neurosurgery, Radiology, and Kinesiology Penn State Milton S. 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