{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T03:13:37Z","timestamp":1787627617805,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]],"date-time":"2020-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormal temporal discrimination in cervical dystonia is hypothesized to be attributable to disrupted processing in the superior colliculus. The fast, luminance\u2010based, retinotectal pathway, projects to the superior colliculus; chromatic stimuli responses, by the retino\u2010geniculo\u2010calcarine pathway, are up to 30 ms longer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to interrogate visual processing and reaction times in patients with cervical dystonia compared with healthy controls. We hypothesized that cervical dystonia patients would have impaired reaction times to luminance based stimuli accessing the retino\u2010tectal pathway in comparison to healthy control participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 20 cervical dystonia and 20 age\u2010matched control participants, we compared reaction times to two flashing visual stimuli: (1) a chromatic annulus and (2) a luminant, noncolored annulus. Participants pressed a joystick control when they perceived the annulus flashing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reaction times in control participants were 20 ms significantly faster in the luminant condition than the chromatic (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.017). Patients with cervical dystonia had no reaction time advantage in response to the luminant stimulus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervical dystonia patients (compared to control participants) demonstrated no reduction in their reaction time to luminant stimuli, processed through the retinotectal pathway. This finding is consistent with superior colliculus dysfunction in cervical dystonia. \u00a9 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T02:45:43Z","timestamp":1580093143000},"page":"877-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Slowed Luminance Reaction Times in Cervical Dystonia: Disordered Superior Colliculus Processing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3077-2960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology St. Vincent's University Hospital  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John 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