{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:40:27Z","timestamp":1790700027560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008211","name":"France Parkinson","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INSERM ATIP\u2010Avenir"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INSERM ATIP\u2010Avenir"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dysfunction of the mesencephalic locomotor region has been implicated in gait disorders. However, the role of its 2 components, the pedunculopontine and the cuneiform nuclei, in locomotion is poorly understood in primates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the effect of cuneiform lesions on gait and balance in 2 monkeys and to compare them with those obtained after cholinergic pedunculopontine lesions in 4 monkeys and after lesions in both the cuneiform and pedunculopontine nuclei in 1 monkey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After each stereotactic lesion, we performed a neurological examination and gait and balance assessments with kinematic measures during a locomotor task. The 3\u2010dimensional location of each lesion was analyzed on a common brainstem space.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After each cuneiform lesion, we observed a contralateral cervical dystonia including an increased tone in the proximal forelimb and an increase in knee angle, back curvature and walking speed. Conversely, cholinergic pedunculopontine lesions increased tail rigidity and back curvature and an imbalance of the muscle tone between the ipsi\u2010 and contralateral hindlimb with decreased knee angles. The walking speed was decreased. Moreover, pedunculopontine lesions often resulted in a longer time to waking postsurgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The location of the lesions and their behavioral effects revealed a somatotopic organization of muscle tone control, with the neck and forelimb represented within the cuneiform nucleus and hindlimb and tail represented within the pedunculopontine nucleus. Cuneiform lesions increased speed, whereas pedunculopontine lesions decreased it. These findings confirm the complex and specific role of the cuneiform and pedunculopontine nuclei in locomotion and suggest the role of the pedunculopontine in sleep control. \u00a9 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T07:45:46Z","timestamp":1578642346000},"page":"789-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anatomo\u2010Functional Mapping of the Primate Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Using Stereotactic Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Marion","family":"Gay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre &amp; Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, APHP GH Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Institut du cerveau et de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayat","family":"Belaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre &amp; Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, APHP GH Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Institut du cerveau et de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Rothschild Foundation  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alister","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre &amp; Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, APHP GH Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Institut du cerveau et de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Rothschild Foundation  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre &amp; Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, APHP GH Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Institut du cerveau et de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re  Paris France"},{"name":"Center of NeuroImaging Research\u2013CENIR  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Roustan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre &amp; Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, APHP GH Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Institut du cerveau et de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Bardinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre &amp; Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, APHP GH Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Institut du cerveau et de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re  Paris France"},{"name":"Center of NeuroImaging Research\u2013CENIR  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Fran\u00e7ois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre &amp; Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, APHP GH Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Institut du cerveau et de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Karachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre &amp; Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, APHP GH Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Institut du cerveau et de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP, Department of Neurosurgery La Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re University Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.16.5976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c1ded6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000187629.38010.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2015.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26710"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822b6f71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7744-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.10.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.9.1767"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01158-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00095-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90116-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1577-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04529.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"Block matching: a general framework to improve robustness of rigid registration of medical images","volume":"2000","author":"Ourselin S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Image Comput Interv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2281335a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","volume-title":"Voss T. Atlas of the Human Brain","author":"Mai J","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902830414"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Projection of precentral, premotor and prefrontal cortex to the basilar pontine grey and to nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in the monkey (\n                     Macaca fascicularis\n                  )","volume":"129","author":"Hartmann\u2010von Monakow K","year":"1981","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00099-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-015-1475-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0509-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"R544","article-title":"Pedunculopontine stimulation alters respiration and increases ACh release in the pontine reticular formation","volume":"264","author":"Lydic R","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-005-0010-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(91)90016-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62381-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(02)00059-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.06.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-09-03319.2000"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.27983","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.27983","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.27983","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.27983","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:28:48Z","timestamp":1760963328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.27983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.27983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27983","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}