{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:39:11Z","timestamp":1791243551356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short\u2010chain fatty acids are exclusively produced by gut microbiota and are reduced in feces of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to conduct a case\u2013control study on peripheral concentration of short\u2010chain fatty acids based on evidence of pathologic changes in the blood\u2013brain barrier in PD and the possible role of short\u2010chain fatty acids in blood\u2013brain barrier permeability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The plasma short\u2010chain fatty acid concentration was measured in 38 PD and 33 normal controls using gas chromatography. The clinical characteristics of patients with PD and controls were evaluated, and dietary information was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. Short\u2010chain fatty acid concentrations were further compared after adjusting for age, sex, and significant food frequency questionnaire items.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate did not differ between patients with PD and controls in unadjusted comparison. Dietary intakes of fibers, carbohydrates, lipids (total and fatty acids), and proteins did not differ between groups. After correction of covariates, acetic acid concentration was higher in patients with PD than in controls (116.47\u2009\u00b1\u200916.83 vs 108.20\u2009\u00b1\u200918.37 \u03bcmol\/L;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.010). In correlation analyses, acetic acid concentration was positively correlated (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.374,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021) with age, propionic acid concentration was negatively correlated with UPDRS part III score (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.376,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.020) and use of entacapone (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.325,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.047), and butyric acid concentration was correlated with monoamine oxidase inhibitor use (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.382,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.018) and anticholinergic use (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.385,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.024).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma short\u2010chain fatty acids were paradoxically increased in PD and were associated with disease severity and antiparkinsonian medications. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the relationships of gut dysbiosis and inflammation with plasma short\u2010chain fatty acids. \u00a9 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T09:43:38Z","timestamp":1583833418000},"page":"1021-1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Plasma Short\u2010Chain Fatty Acids in Patients With Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4157-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaewon","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Chungnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University  Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunsook","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food &amp; Nutrition College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyewon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food &amp; Nutrition College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae\u2010Beom","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26942"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1134082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-191711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009759"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.32"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes into the brain contributes to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson disease","volume":"119","author":"Brochard V","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02056950"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","article-title":"Functional gastrointestinal disorders: history, pathophysiology","author":"Drossman DA","year":"2016","journal-title":"clinical features and Rome IV. 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