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There are limited studies investigating cerebellar structural changes in these conditions, largely because of inherent challenges in the efficiency of segmentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We applied a novel multiatlas cerebellar segmentation method to T1\u2010weighted images in 282 PD and 111 essential tremor patients to define 26 cerebellar lobule volumes. The severity of postural and resting tremor in both populations and gait and postural instability in PD patients were defined using subscores of the UPDRS and Washington Heights\u2010Inwood Genetic Study motor scales. These clinical measurements were related to lobule volume size. Multiple comparisons were controlled using a false discovery rate method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group differences were identified between ET and PD patients, with reductions in deep cerebellar nucleus volume in ET versus reduced lobule VI volume in PD. In ET patients, lobule VIII was negatively correlated with the severity of postural tremor. In PD patients, lobule IV was positively correlated with resting tremor and total tremor severity. We observed differences in cerebellar structure that localized to sensorimotor lobules of the cerebellum. Lobule volumes appeared to differentially relate to clinical symptoms, suggesting important clinicopathologic distinctions between these conditions. These results emphasize the role of the cerebellum in tremor symptoms and should foster future clinical and pathologic investigations of the sensorimotor lobules of the cerebellum. \u00a9 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T14:05:33Z","timestamp":1588082733000},"page":"1181-1188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Structural Correlates of the Sensorimotor Cerebellum in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5703-8956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee 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