{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:42:47Z","timestamp":1790430167882,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS052318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS052318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 NS102038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 NS102038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurate diagnosis is particularly challenging in Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSAp), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We compare the utility of 3 promising biomarkers to differentiate disease state and explain disease severity in parkinsonism: the Automated Imaging Differentiation in Parkinsonism (AID\u2010P), the Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index (MRPI), and plasma\u2010based neurofilament light chain protein (NfL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For each biomarker, the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves were quantified for PD versus MSAp\/PSP and MSAp versus PSP and statistically compared. Unique combinations of variables were also assessed. Furthermore, each measures association with disease severity was determined using stepwise multiple regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For PD versus MSAp\/PSP, AID\u2010P (AUC, 0.900) measures had higher AUC compared with NfL (AUC, 0.747) and MRPI (AUC, 0.669), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05. For MSAp versus PSP, AID\u2010P (AUC, 0.889), and MRPI (AUC, 0.824) measures were greater than NfL (AUC, 0.537), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05. We then combined measures to determine if any unique combination provided enhanced accuracy and found that no combination performed better than the AID\u2010P alone in differentiating parkinsonisms. Furthermore, we found that the AID\u2010P demonstrated the highest association with the MDS\u2010UPDRS (R<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2013AID\u2010P, 26.58%; NfL,15.12%; MRPI, 12.90%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with MRPI and NfL, AID\u2010P provides the best overall differentiation of PD versus MSAp\/PSP. Both AID\u2010P and MRPI are effective in differentiating MSAp versus PSP. Furthermore, combining biomarkers did not improve classification of disease state compared with using AID\u2010P alone. The findings demonstrate in the current sample that the AID\u2010P and MRPI are robust biomarkers for PD, MSAp, and PSP. \u00a9 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T15:39:55Z","timestamp":1588347595000},"page":"1388-1395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Neurofilament Light in the Differentiation of Parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Derek B.","family":"Archer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trina","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana G.","family":"Burciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Nigro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Centre, Magna Graecia University  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Centre, Magna Graecia University  Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical Sciences, Magna Graecia University  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jeromin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quanterix, Corporation  Lexington Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus R.","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fixel Institute for Neurological Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Okun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fixel Institute for Neurological Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Vaillancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Fixel Institute for Neurological Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"2(8)","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: neuropathology","author":"Dickson DW","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv361"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003680"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2453061703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(19)30105-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000324625.00404.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.1.1"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"S34","article-title":"What features improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson's disease: a clinicopathologic study. 1992","volume":"57","author":"Hughes AJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4622-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(19)30105-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1654"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.28060","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.28060","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.28060","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.28060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:40:49Z","timestamp":1760953249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.28060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.28060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28060","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}