{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:20:30Z","timestamp":1791901230347,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MIND-MAPS consortium"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dysfunction of mitochondrial energy generation may contribute to neurodegeneration, leading to synaptic loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to find cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal changes in PET markers of synaptic vesicle protein 2A, sigma 1 receptor, and mitochondrial complex 1 in drug\u2010naive PD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve early drug\u2010naive PD patients and 16 healthy controls underwent a 3\u2010Tesla MRI and PET imaging to quantify volume of distribution of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]UCB\u2010J, [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]SA\u20104503, and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]BCPP\u2010EF for synaptic vesicle protein 2A, sigma 1 receptor, and mitochondrial complex 1, respectively. Nine PD patients completed approximately 1\u2010year follow\u2010up assessments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reduced [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]UCB\u2010J volume of distribution in the caudate, putamen, thalamus, brain stem, and dorsal raphe and across cortical regions was observed in drug\u2010naive PD patients compared with healthy controls. [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]UCB\u2010J volume of distribution was reduced in the locus coeruleus and substantia nigra but did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences were found in [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]SA\u20104503 and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]BCPP\u2010EF volume of distribution in PD compared with healthy controls. Lower brain stem [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]UCB\u2010J volume of distribution correlated with Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III and total scores. No significant longitudinal changes were identified in PD patients at follow\u2010up compared with baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings represent the first in vivo evidence of mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, and synaptic dysfunction in drug\u2010naive PD patients. Synaptic dysfunction likely occurs early in disease pathophysiology and has relevance to symptomatology. Mitochondrial complex 1 and sigma 1 receptor pathology warrants further investigations in PD. Studies in larger cohorts with longer follow\u2010up will determine the validity of these PET markers to track disease progression. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T11:20:58Z","timestamp":1588159258000},"page":"1416-1427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Mitochondrial Complex 1, Sigma 1, and Synaptic Vesicle <scp>2A<\/scp> in Early <scp>Drug\u2010Naive<\/scp> Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2225-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegeneration Imaging Group University of 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