{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:14:52Z","timestamp":1791213292091,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000304","name":"Parkinson's UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n There are currently no treatments that stop or slow the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Case\u2013control genome\u2010wide association studies have identified variants associated with disease risk, but not progression. The objective of the current study was to identify genetic variants associated with PD progression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We analyzed 3 large longitudinal cohorts: Tracking Parkinson's, Oxford Discovery, and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. We included clinical data for 3364 patients with 12,144 observations (mean follow\u2010up 4.2\u2009years). We used a new method in PD, following a similar approach in Huntington's disease, in which we combined multiple assessments using a principal components analysis to derive scores for composite, motor, and cognitive progression. These scores were analyzed in linear regression in genome\u2010wide association studies. We also performed a targeted analysis of the 90 PD risk loci from the latest case\u2013control meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n There was no overlap between variants associated with PD risk, from case\u2013control studies, and PD age at onset versus PD progression. The\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n \u03b54 tagging variant, rs429358, was significantly associated with composite and cognitive progression in PD. Conditional analysis revealed several independent signals in the\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n locus for cognitive progression. No single variants were associated with motor progression. However, in gene\u2010based analysis,\n ATP8B2<\/jats:italic>\n , a phospholipid transporter related to vesicle formation, was nominally associated with motor progression (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 5.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n \u22126<\/jats:sup>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n We provide early evidence that this new method in PD improves measurement of symptom progression. We show that the\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n \u03b54 allele drives progressive cognitive impairment in PD. Replication of this method and results in independent cohorts are needed. \u00a9 2020 The Authors.\n Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T05:39:55Z","timestamp":1603863595000},"page":"424-433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Genome\u2010Wide Association Studies of Cognitive and Motor Progression in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5835-669X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela M.X.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London London UK"},{"name":"UCL 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