{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:39:20Z","timestamp":1789403960156,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Adminitrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z171100000117013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z171100000117013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hypomethylation of intron 1 of the \u03b1\u2010synuclein (\n                      <jats:italic>SNCA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) gene has been extensively reported in the blood of patients with \u03b1\u2010synucleinopathies. Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder represents a prodromal stage of \u03b1\u2010synucleinopathies. Methylation of \u03b1\u2010synuclein intron 1 in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients is largely unexplored. The objective of the current study was to assess blood \u03b1\u2010synuclein intron 1 methylation in patients and to explore it as a potential biomarker to predict phenoconversion and monitor disease progression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy\u2010eight polysomnography\u2010confirmed patients and 74 healthy controls were enrolled. After an average of 3.75\u2009years of follow up, 16 patients converted to neurodegenerative diseases (converters), whereas 59 did not (nonconverters). Blood DNA was obtained at baseline from all participants, as well as at the follow\u2010up visit for 27 patients. DNA methylation levels were determined using bisulfite pyrosequencing methods and were compared between patients and healthy controls, converters and nonconverters, and baseline and follow\u2010up visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypomethylation at cytosine\u2010phosphate\u2010guanine 10, 11, 12, 13, and 17 was found in patients compared with healthy controls. Hypomethylation at cytosine\u2010phosphate\u2010guanine 17 was associated with an increased risk of clinical phenoconversion, which was further enhanced with the presence of subtle motor abnormalities. In addition, it appeared that later reduction in methylation levels at cytosine\u2010phosphate\u2010guanine 14, 15, and 16 was associated with disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral blood \u03b1\u2010synuclein intron 1 was hypomethylated in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients. \u03b1\u2010Synuclein methylation levels may be useful biomarkers to screen patients, predict phenoconversion, and monitor disease progression. \u00a9 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>\n                  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