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We aimed at investigating the dynamics between sensorimotor network and top\u2010down control networks (frontal\u2013parietal, cingulo\u2010opercular, and cerebellar) in PD and at determining the effects of levodopa on the dynamics of these networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), during resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, between sensorimotor network and top\u2010down control networks in 36 PD patients (OFF medication, PD\u2010OFF) and 36 healthy volunteers. We further assessed the effect of medication on dFC in18 PD patients who were also scanned ON medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dFC analyses identified three discrete states: State I (35.68%) characterized by connections between the cerebellum and sensorimotor network, State II (34.17%) with connections between the sensorimotor and frontal\u2013parietal network, and State III (30.15%) with connection between the sensorimotor and cingulo\u2010opercular network. PD patients have significantly fewer occurrences and overall spent less time (shorter dwell time) in State II compared to healthy controls. After levodopa intake, dwell time improved toward normal. The change in dwell time before and after taking levodopa was negatively related to the respective changes in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III. PD\u2010OFF showed significantly decreased connectivity between sensorimotor and control networks and increased connectivity within control networks. These changes were partially improved after levodopa intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dopamine depletion in PD is associated with abnormalities in temporal and spatial properties between cognitive control and sensorimotor network, possibly contributing to clinical deficits. Levodopa partially restores the network function toward the values observed in healthy volunteers. \u00a9 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T13:47:22Z","timestamp":1610027242000},"page":"916-926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Dynamics of Top\u2010Down Control and Motor Networks in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2380-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College  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