{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:51:57Z","timestamp":1790754717268,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007155","name":"Medical Research Council Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12024\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12024\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007155","name":"Medical Research Council Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P012272\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P012272\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Oxford Biomedical Research Centre"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Oxford Biomedical Research Centre"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000833","name":"Rosetrees Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010frequency thalamic stimulation is an effective therapy for essential tremor, which mainly affects voluntary movements and\/or sustained postures. However, continuous stimulation may deliver unnecessary current to the brain due to the intermittent nature of the tremor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We proposed to close the loop of thalamic stimulation by detecting tremor\u2010provoking movement states using local field potentials recorded from the same electrodes implanted for stimulation, so that the stimulation is only delivered when necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight patients with essential tremor participated in this study. Patient\u2010specific support vector machine classifiers were first trained using data recorded while the patient performed tremor\u2010provoking movements. Then, the trained models were applied in real\u2010time to detect these movements and triggered the delivery of stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the proposed method, stimulation was switched on for 80.37\u2009\u00b1\u20097.06% of the time when tremor\u2010evoking movements were present. In comparison, the stimulation was switched on for 12.71\u2009\u00b1\u20097.06% of the time when the patients were at rest and tremor\u2010free. Compared with continuous stimulation, a similar amount of tremor suppression was achieved while only delivering 36.62\u2009\u00b1\u200913.49% of the energy used in continuous stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results suggest that responsive thalamic stimulation for essential tremor based on tremor\u2010provoking movement detection can be achieved without any requirement for external sensors or additional electrocorticography strips. Further research is required to investigate whether the decoding model is stable across time and generalizable to the variety of activities patients may engage with in everyday life. \u00a9 2021 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T13:21:38Z","timestamp":1612790498000},"page":"863-873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Closed\u2010Loop Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor Based on Thalamic Local Field Potentials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Shenghong","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahd","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Neurosciences Research Centre Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abteen","family":"Mostofi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Centre Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alek","family":"Pogosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit 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