{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:02:12Z","timestamp":1788796932691,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30\u2010NS076408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30\u2010NS076408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41\u2010EB027061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41\u2010EB027061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50\u2010NS098573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50\u2010NS098573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010NS037019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010NS037019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010NS058945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010NS058945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010NS094206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010NS094206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010NS110613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010NS110613"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal oscillatory neural activity in the beta\u2010frequency band (13\u201335\u2009Hz) is thought to play a role in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, increasing evidence points to alterations in high\u2010frequency ranges (&gt;100\u2009Hz) also having pathophysiological relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies have found that power in subthalamic nucleus (STN) high\u2010frequency oscillations is increased with dopaminergic medication and during voluntary movements, implicating these brain rhythms in normal basal ganglia function. The objective of this study was to investigate whether similar signaling occurs in the internal globus pallidus (GPi), a nucleus increasingly used as a target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spontaneous and movement\u2010related GPi field potentials were recorded from DBS leads in 5 externalized PD patients on and off dopaminergic medication, as well as from 3 rhesus monkeys before and after the induction of parkinsonism with the neurotoxin 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the parkinsonian condition, we identified a prominent oscillatory peak centered at 200\u2013300\u2009Hz that increased during movement. In patients the magnitude of high\u2010frequency oscillation modulation was negatively correlated with bradykinesia. In monkeys, high\u2010frequency oscillations were mostly absent in the naive condition but emerged after the neurotoxin 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine. In patients, spontaneous high\u2010frequency oscillations were significantly attenuated on\u2010medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that exaggerated, movement\u2010modulated high\u2010frequency oscillations in the GPi are pathophysiological features of PD. These findings suggest that the functional role(s) of high\u2010frequency oscillations may differ between the STN and GPi and motivate additional investigations into their relationship to motor control in normal and diseased states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T18:59:52Z","timestamp":1618340392000},"page":"1332-1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["High\u2010Frequency Oscillations in the Pallidum: A Pathophysiological Biomarker in Parkinson's Disease?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9069-1436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota 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