{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:09:04Z","timestamp":1792084144064,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016101","name":"Guangdong Provincial Translational Medicine Innovation Platform for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016101","name":"Guangdong Provincial Translational Medicine Innovation Platform for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B1212060017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1212060017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81600998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81600998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016A030310132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016A030310132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accumulating evidence indicates regional structural changes in the white matter (WM) of brains in patients with blepharospasm (BSP); however, whether large\u2010scale WM structural networks undergo widespread reorganization in these patients remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated topology changes and global and local features of large\u2010scale WM structural networks in BSP patients compared with hemifacial spasm (HFS) patients or healthy controls (HCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study applied graph theoretical analysis to assess deterministic diffusion tensor tractography findings in 41 BSP patients, 41 HFS patients, and 41 HCs. WM structural connectivity in 246 cortical and subcortical regions was assessed, and topological parameters of the resulting graphs were calculated. Networks were compared among BSP, HFS, and HCs groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to HCs, both BSP and HFS patients showed alterations in network integration and segregation characterized by increased global efficiency and modularity and reduced shortest path length. Moreover, increased nodal efficiency in multiple cortical and subcortical regions was found in BSP and HFS patients compared with HCs. However, these differences were not found between BSP and HFS patients. Whereas all participants showed highly similar hub distribution patterns, BSP patients had additional hub regions not present in either HFS patients or HCs, which were located in the primary head and face motor cortex and basal ganglia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that the large\u2010scale WM structural network undergoes an extensive reorganization in BSP, probably due to both dystonia\u2010specific abnormalities and facial hyperkinetic movements. \u00a9 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>\n                  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