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Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous prospective studies highlighted dairy intake as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in men. It is unclear whether this association is causal or explained by reverse causation or confounding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim is to examine the association between genetically predicted dairy intake and PD using two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We genotyped a well\u2010established instrumental variable for dairy intake located in the lactase gene (rs4988235) within the Courage\u2010PD consortium (23 studies; 9823 patients and 8376 controls of European ancestry).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on a dominant model, there was an association between genetic predisposition toward higher dairy intake and PD (odds ratio [OR] per one serving per day\u00a0=\u00a01.70, 95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a01.12\u20132.60,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.013) that was restricted to men (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.50 [1.37\u20134.56],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010difference with women\u00a0=\u00a00.029).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using MR, our findings provide further support for a causal relationship between dairy intake and higher PD risk, not biased by confounding or reverse causation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. \u00a9 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T11:00:00Z","timestamp":1641639600000},"page":"857-864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Dairy Intake and Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6408-0351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clo\u00e9","family":"Domenighetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UVSQ, Univ. Paris\u2010Sud, Inserm, Team \"Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health,\" CESP Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Emmanuel","family":"Sugier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UVSQ, Univ. Paris\u2010Sud, Inserm, Team \"Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health,\" CESP Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Ashok Kumar Sreelatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry University of Tubingen  Tubingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4006-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of Tubingen  Tubingen Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)  Tubingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2615-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry University of Tubingen  Tubingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oc\u00e9ane","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UVSQ, Univ. Paris\u2010Sud, Inserm, Team \"Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health,\" CESP Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UVSQ, Univ. Paris\u2010Sud, Inserm, Team \"Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health,\" CESP Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8698-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) University of Luxembourg  Esch\u2010Belval Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1368-9623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dheeraj R.","family":"Bobbili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) University of Luxembourg  Esch\u2010Belval Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Radivojkov\u2010Blagojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lichtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIA, NIH  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Center For Alzheimer's and Related Dementias NIA, NIH  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dena G.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIA, NIH  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Edsall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIA, NIH  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George D.","family":"Mellick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith University  Nathan Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Zimprich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna  Wien Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Pirker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wilhelminenspital  Wien Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Rogaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic Toronto Western Hospital, UHN  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Krembil Brain Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulev","family":"Koks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Murdoch University  Murdoch Australia"},{"name":"Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pille","family":"Taba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery University of Tartu  Tartu Estonia"},{"name":"Neurology Clinic Tartu University Hospital  Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Lesage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologie Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau\u2014Paris Brain Institute\u2014ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Brice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologie Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau\u2014Paris Brain Institute\u2014ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7325-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Christophe","family":"Corvol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologie Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau\u2014Paris Brain Institute\u2014ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Christine","family":"Chartier\u2010Harlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR\u2010S 1172\u2014LilNCog\u2014Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences &amp; Cognition  Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5947-0432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eug\u00e9nie","family":"Mutez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR\u2010S 1172\u2014LilNCog\u2014Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences &amp; Cognition  Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7515-8596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Brockmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of Tubingen  Tubingen Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)  Tubingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela B.","family":"Deutschl\u00e4nder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich  M\u00fcnchen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics Mayo Clinic Florida  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges M.","family":"Hadjigeorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa  Larissa Greece"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical School University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efthimos","family":"Dardiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa  Larissa Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas","family":"Stefanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Neurology Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"},{"name":"Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athina Maria","family":"Simitsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Neurology Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0600-6820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enza Maria","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics S. Andrea University Hospital  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Duga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Straniero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Zecchinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson Institute, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini\/CTO  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Pezzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology Magna Graecia University  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio\u2010Nano Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio\u2010Nano Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama 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