{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:12:18Z","timestamp":1789665138101,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Motor impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) reflects changes in the basal ganglia\u2010thalamocortical circuit converging on the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA). Previous studies assessed M1 excitability in PD using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)\u2010evoked electromyographic activity. TMS\u2010evoked electroencephalographic activity may unveil broader motor cortical network changes in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to assess motor cortical network excitability in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We compared TMS\u2010evoked cortical potentials (TEPs) from M1 and the pre\u2010SMA between 20 PD patients tested\n                      <jats:italic>off<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>on<\/jats:italic>\n                      medication and 19 healthy controls (HCs) and investigated possible correlations with bradykinesia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Off<\/jats:italic>\n                      PD patients compared to HCs had smaller P30 responses from the M1s contralateral (M1+) and ipsilateral (M1\u2013) to the most bradykinetic side and increased pre\u2010SMA N40. Dopaminergic therapy normalized the amplitude of M1+ and M1\u2013 P30 as well as pre\u2010SMA N40. We found a positive correlation between M1+ P30 amplitude and bradykinesia in\n                      <jats:italic>off<\/jats:italic>\n                      PD patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in M1 P30 and pre\u2010SMA N40 in PD suggest that M1 excitability is reduced on both sides, whereas pre\u2010SMA excitability is increased. The effect of dopaminergic therapy and the clinical correlation suggest that these cortical changes may reflect abnormal basal ganglia\u2010thalamocortical activity. TMS electroencephalography provides novel insight into motor cortical network changes related to the pathophysiology of PD. \u00a9 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T02:20:29Z","timestamp":1641781229000},"page":"734-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Motor Cortical Network Excitability in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Leodori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed  Pozzilli Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Ilenia","family":"De Bartolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed  Pozzilli 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