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Although these pathologies are attributed to an intracellular accumulation of the \u03b1\u2010synuclein protein in the nervous system with subsequent neuronal loss, the trigger(s) of this accumulation is\/are not clearly identified. Among the existing hypotheses, interest in the hypothesis advocating the involvement of infectious agents in the onset of these diseases is renewed. In this article, we aimed to review the ongoing relevant factors favoring and opposing this hypothesis, focusing on (1) the potential antimicrobial role of \u03b1\u2010synuclein, (2) potential entry points of pathogens in regard to early symptoms of diverse \u03b1\u2010synucleinopathies, (3) pre\u2010existing literature reviews assessing potential associations between infectious agents and Parkinson's disease, (4) original studies assessing these associations for dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy (identified through a systematic literature review), and finally (5) potential susceptibility factors modulating the effects of infectious agents on the nervous system. \u00a9 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder 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