{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:01Z","timestamp":1786978261837,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01\u2010CP\u2010010119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01\u2010CP\u2010010119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES029227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES029227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01\u2010ES\u2010049030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01\u2010ES\u2010049030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dream\u2010enacting behavior is a characteristic feature of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, the most specific prodromal marker of synucleinopathies. Pesticide exposure may be associated with dream\u2010enacting behaviors, but epidemiological evidence is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine high pesticide exposure events in relation to dream\u2010enacting behaviors among farmers in the Agricultural Health Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine high pesticide exposure events reported from 1993 to 1997 in relation to dream\u2010enacting behaviors assessed from 2013 to 2015 among 11,248 farmers (age 47\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A history of dream\u2010enacting behaviors was reported by 939 (8.3%) farmers. Compared with farmers who did not report any high pesticide exposure event, those who reported were more likely to endorse dream\u2010enacting behaviors 2 decades later (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49\u20132.05). The association appeared stronger when there was a long delay in washing with soap and water after the event (2.63 [95% CI, 1.62\u20134.27] for waiting &gt;6\u2009hours vs. 1.71 [95% CI, 1.36\u20132.15] for washing within 30\u00a0minutes) and when the exposure involved the respiratory or digestive tract (2.04 [95% CI, 1.62\u20132.57] vs. 1.58 [95% CI, 1.29\u20131.93] for dermal contact only). In the analyses of specific pesticides involved, we found positive associations with two organochlorine insecticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and lindane), four organophosphate insecticides (phorate, ethoprop, terbufos, and parathion), two herbicides (alachlor and paraquat), and fungicides as a group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides the first epidemiological evidence that high pesticide exposures may be associated with a higher risk of dream\u2010enacting behaviors. \u00a9 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T04:49:52Z","timestamp":1644727792000},"page":"962-971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["High Pesticide Exposure Events and Dream\u2010Enacting Behaviors Among US Farmers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9825-7474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srishti","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center University of Mississippi Medical Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhehui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda L.","family":"Plassman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine G.","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences  Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N.","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Beane Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale P.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences  Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0970","article-title":"International classification of sleep disorders\u2010third edition","volume":"146","author":"Sateia MJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26350","article-title":"Probable RBD and association with neurodegenerative disease markers: a population\u2010based study","volume":"30","author":"Mahlknecht P","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25037","article-title":"A single\u2010question screen for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a multicenter validation study","volume":"27","author":"Postuma RB","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2874","article-title":"REM sleep behavior disorder in the Korean elderly population: prevalence and clinical characteristics","volume":"36","author":"Kang SH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx197","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in the general population","volume":"41","author":"Haba\u2010Rubio J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.07.021","article-title":"Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder in the elderly Spanish community: a primary care center study with a two\u2010stage design using video\u2010polysomnography","volume":"40","author":"Pujol M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.4563","article-title":"Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"72","author":"Howell MJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.09.008","article-title":"The risk of neurodegeneration in REM sleep behavior disorder: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"43","author":"Galbiati A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000247","article-title":"Comorbidity and medication in REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"82","author":"Frauscher B","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318296e967","article-title":"Family history of idiopathic REM behavior disorder","volume":"80","author":"Dauvilliers Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31825dd383","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"79","author":"Postuma RB","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002414","article-title":"Risk factors for probable REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"86","author":"Wong JC","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"e475","article-title":"Risk factors for possible REM sleep behavior disorder: a CLSA population\u2010based cohort study","volume":"92","author":"Yao C","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2214","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010610","article-title":"Risk factors for possible REM sleep behavior disorders: a community\u2010based study in Beijing","volume":"95","author":"Zhang H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.07.003","article-title":"Factors associated with dream enacting behaviors among US farmers","volume":"57","author":"Shrestha S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.06.027","article-title":"A community\u2010based study of risk factors for probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder","volume":"30","author":"Ma JF","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30230-7","article-title":"The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Ascherio A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1998.3887","article-title":"Characteristics of persons who self\u2010reported a high pesticide exposure event in the agricultural health study","volume":"80","author":"Alavanja MC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104362","article-title":"The agricultural health study","volume":"104","author":"Alavanja MC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ Health Persp"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185510","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185510","article-title":"Nonmotor symptoms and Parkinson disease in United States farmers and spouses","volume":"12","author":"Shrestha S","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7645","article-title":"Neurologic symptoms in licensed private pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study","volume":"113","author":"Kamel F","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Persp"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17005","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP3713","article-title":"High pesticide exposure events and olfactory impairment among U.S. Farmers","volume":"127","author":"Shrestha S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Health Persp"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0016-5","article-title":"REM sleep behaviour disorder","volume":"4","author":"Dauvilliers Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-106818","article-title":"Occupational pesticide use and self\u2010reported olfactory impairment in US farmers","volume":"78","author":"Shrestha S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200201000-00015","article-title":"Reliability of reporting on life\u2010style and agricultural factors by a sample of participants in the agricultural health study from Iowa","volume":"13","author":"Blair A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11091","article-title":"Depression and pesticide exposures among private pesticide applicators enrolled in the agricultural health study","volume":"116","author":"Beseler CL","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Health Persp"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2000.4224","article-title":"Pesticide use by persons who reported a high pesticide exposure event in the agricultural health study","volume":"85","author":"Keim SA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-8-6","article-title":"Pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease: a family\u2010based case\u2010control study","volume":"8","author":"Hancock DB","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21717","article-title":"Professional exposure to pesticides and Parkinson disease","volume":"66","author":"Elbaz A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6030","article-title":"Elevated serum pesticide levels and risk for Alzheimer disease","volume":"71","author":"Richardson JR","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181dd4423","article-title":"Occupational exposure to pesticides increases the risk of incident AD","volume":"74","author":"Hayden KM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.10.003","article-title":"Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration","volume":"74","author":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Santed F","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02033-9","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of pesticides","volume":"138","author":"Richardson JR","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.05.006","article-title":"Association between environmental exposure to pesticides and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"256","author":"Parr\u00f3n T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581815583561","article-title":"Groundwater pesticide levels and the association with Parkinson disease","volume":"34","author":"James KA","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12154","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and pesticides exposure: new findings from a comprehensive study in Nebraska, USA","volume":"32","author":"Wan N","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rural Heal"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100560200","article-title":"The herbicide Paraquat causes up\u2010regulation and aggregation of \u03b1\u2010Synuclein in mice: paraquat and \u03b1\u2010synuclein","volume":"277","author":"Manning\u2010Bog AB","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03088.x","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in paraquat\u2010induced dopaminergic cell degeneration","volume":"93","author":"McCormack AL","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.10.008","article-title":"Microglial activation as a priming event leading to paraquat\u2010induced dopaminergic cell degeneration","volume":"25","author":"Purisai MG","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002839","article-title":"Rotenone, paraquat, and Parkinson's disease","volume":"119","author":"Tanner CM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Health Persp."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110186","article-title":"Pesticide use and incident Parkinson's disease in a cohort of farmers and their spouses","volume":"191","author":"Shrestha S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182749f28","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury, paraquat exposure, and their relationship to Parkinson disease","volume":"79","author":"Lee PC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.12.016","article-title":"Screening for prodromal Parkinson's disease in the general community: a sleep\u2010based approach","volume":"21","author":"Postuma RB","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.28960","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.28960","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.28960","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:23:24Z","timestamp":1760963004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.28960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.28960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28960","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}