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MR showed an inverse association between genetically predicted smoking initiation and PD only in absence of V11 (odds ratio,\u00a00.74, 95% confidence interval,\u00a00.59\u20130.93, P<jats:sub>Interaction<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.028). <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic> predictions of the influence of V11 and smoking\u2010induced modifications of \u03b1\u2010synuclein on binding affinity showed findings consistent with this interaction pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite being one of the most robust findings in PD research, the mechanisms underlying the inverse association between smoking and PD remain unknown. Our findings may help better understand this association. \u00a9 2022 The Authors. <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T08:30:15Z","timestamp":1657441815000},"page":"1929-1937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Interaction between <scp><i>HLA\u2010DRB1<\/i><\/scp> and Smoking in Parkinson's Disease Revisited"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6408-0351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clo\u00e9","family":"Domenighetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. 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