{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T02:39:23Z","timestamp":1784947163123,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because human fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue grafts provide promising results in ameliorating Parkinson's disease\u2013implicated motor dysfunctions, human fetal midbrain\u2010derived dopamine neuronal precursor cells are considered good candidates for cell\u2010based therapy for Parkinson's disease in that large quantities of cells can be supplied through a good manufacturing practice\u2013compliant system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a prospective, phase I\/IIa, dose\u2010escalation, open\u2010label \u201cfirst\u2010in\u2010human\u201d clinical trial with fetal neural precursor cells to assess their safety and therapeutic efficacy in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen patients were assigned to receive three different doses of cells (4\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>, 12\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>, and 40\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells) and completed a 12\u2010month follow\u2010up. The primary outcome was safety, by measuring the presence of grade 3 or higher cells according to National Cancer Institute guidelines and any contaminated cells. Secondary outcomes assessed motor and neurocognitive function, as well as the level of dopamine transporters, by positron emission tomography\u2013computed tomography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although a pronation\u2010supination and hand\/arm movement performance was remarkably enhanced in all three groups (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), the medium\u2010 and high\u2010dose\u2010treated groups exhibited significant improvement in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III only up to 26.16% and 40%, respectively, at 12\u2009months after transplantation without any serious clinical complications or graft\u2010induced dyskinesia in all patients. However, the motor improvements did not correlate with increase in the dopamine transporter on positron emission tomography images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results primarily demonstrate the safety and plausible dose\u2010dependent efficacy of human fetal midbrain\u2010derived dopamine neuronal precursor cells for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. \u00a9 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T06:05:14Z","timestamp":1674540314000},"page":"589-603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["First Clinical Report on the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease with Fetal Midbrain Precursor Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Joopyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Inbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Sook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WonChan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Jin","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyunghoon","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Heum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Hun","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Hwa","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid C.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich Klinikum rechts der Isar  Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Technical University Munich  Munich 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