{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T08:51:07Z","timestamp":1775811067548,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102022M3A9F3094557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102022M3A9F3094557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dihydropyridines (DHPs) may have neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease (PD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the effects of DHPs on nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation and longitudinal motor and cognitive outcomes in PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We classified 476 patients with drug\u2010naive PD who had undergone dopamine transporter imaging into three groups. They were selected according to a prior diagnosis of hypertension and use of DHPs and were matched using propensity scores: patients without hypertension (HTN\u2212; n\u00a0=\u00a050) and patients with hypertension treated without DHP (HTN+\/DHP\u2212; n\u00a0=\u00a050) or with DHP (HTN+\/DHP+; n\u00a0=\u00a050). Multiple linear regression and linear mixed model analyses were performed to determine intergroup differences in baseline dopamine transporter availability and longitudinal changes in the levodopa\u2010equivalent dose, respectively. Using Kaplan\u2013Meier analyses, we compared the risks of levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesia, wearing off, and dementia\u2010free survival during the 5.06\u2009years of the mean follow\u2010up period. The Cox regression model determined the independent effects of DHPs on dementia conversion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dopamine transporter availability in all striatal subregions was comparable between the HTN\u2212, HTN+\/DHP\u2212, and HTN+\/DHP+ groups. The risks of levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesia and wearing off, as well as longitudinal changes in the levodopa\u2010equivalent dose, did not differ between the groups. The HTN+\/DHP+ group had a lower risk of developing dementia than the HTN+\/DHP\u2212 (Bonferroni\u2010corrected <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>log\u2010rank<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.036) group. The use of DHP was independently associated with a lower risk of dementia conversion after controlling for other antihypertensive drugs and confounding factors (hazard ratio, 0.242; 95% confidence interval, 0.087\u20130.668; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>DHPs may be associated with better long\u2010term cognitive outcomes in hypertensive patients with PD. \u00a9 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T07:38:37Z","timestamp":1677224317000},"page":"843-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of Dihydropyridines on the Motor and Cognitive Outcomes of Patients with Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1431-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Ho","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine  Busan South Korea"},{"name":"Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center Inje University  Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2093-1641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Kyu","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Ho","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seok Jong","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System  Yongin South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7846-6271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Soo","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6813-9752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7215-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoungwon","family":"Baik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine  Busan South Korea"},{"name":"Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center Inje University  Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young H.","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9931-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phil Hyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70246-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00568-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00483-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.028738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05865"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)00917-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/697404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-2534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28850"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03086-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e3181bf325c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.10.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","article-title":"Nimodipine for primary degenerative, mixed and vascular dementia","author":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Arrieta JM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90041-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24893"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"A study on the reliability and validity of Seoul\u2010instrumental activities of daily living (S\u2010IADL)","volume":"43","author":"Ku HMKJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Korean instrumental activities of daily living (K\u2010IADL)","volume":"20","author":"Kang SJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Korean Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"KangY JahngS NaDL.In: Seoul neuropsychological screening battery. 2nd ed (SNSB\u2010II). Seoul: Human Brain Research & Consulting Co.;2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.27992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3549"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-016-0058-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/507529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.651778"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000244961.69985.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12412"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03111-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09494-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(90)90447-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0230-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10883-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50918"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0614-755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3717"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(99)00068-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)00881-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.593026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2022.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31547"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm111"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.29367","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.29367","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.29367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:38:36Z","timestamp":1760963916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.29367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.29367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.29367","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}