{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:57:02Z","timestamp":1791233822048,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA167552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA167552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 CA186107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 CA186107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013301","name":"PF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PF\u2010MYEC\u20102031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PF\u2010MYEC\u20102031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Folate and vitamins B6 and B12 have been proposed as protective against the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Two prior longitudinal studies were inconclusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to examine the association of long\u2010term intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with the incidence of PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population comprised 80,965 women (Nurses' Health Study, 1984\u20132016) and 48,837 men (Health Professionals Follow\u2010up Study, 1986\u20132016) followed prospectively for the development of PD. Intake of B vitamins was measured at baseline and every 4\u2009years thereafter using food frequency questionnaires. We estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PD based on quintiles of cumulative average intake adjusting for potential confounders. Secondary analyses considered different lagged exposure periods as well as baseline and recent intakes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In separate analyses of <jats:italic>cumulative average<\/jats:italic> intake, total folate, B6, and B12 were not associated with the risk of PD. Results from 8\u2010, 12\u2010, and 16\u2010year <jats:italic>lag analyses<\/jats:italic> were consistent with these findings. Results for <jats:italic>baseline<\/jats:italic> intake of folate and B6 also pointed toward a null association. In contrast, a lower PD risk was observed among individuals with higher <jats:italic>baseline<\/jats:italic> total intake of B12 (pooled HR top vs. bottom quintile: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67\u20130.95; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u00a0=\u00a00.01); results from 20\u2010year <jats:italic>lag analyses<\/jats:italic> were consistent with this finding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results do not support the hypothesis that a higher intake of folate or vitamin B6 would reduce PD risk in this population. Our results provide moderate support for a possible protective effect of vitamin B12 on the development of PD. \u00a9 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T05:28:05Z","timestamp":1679290085000},"page":"866-879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Long\u2010Term Intake of Folate, Vitamin <scp>B6<\/scp>, and Vitamin <scp>B12<\/scp> and the Incidence of Parkinson's Disease in a Sample of <scp>U.S.<\/scp> Women and Men"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9791-3196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario H.","family":"Flores\u2010Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4166-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chadwick W.","family":"Christine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kjetil","family":"Bjornevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9398-3357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha A.","family":"Molsberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3658-571X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert Y.","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6107-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Blacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6019-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Schwarzschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Ascherio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. 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