{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:50:08Z","timestamp":1786978208364,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI22C0224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C0224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1I1A1A01059678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1I1A1A01059678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit widespread brain perfusion changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated whether cerebral regions with hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion have differential effects on motor and cognitive symptoms in PD using early\u2010phase\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010N\u2010(3\u2010fluoropropyl)\u20102\u03b2\u2010carboxymethoxy\u20103\u03b2\u2010(4\u2010iodophenyl) nortropane (\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010FP\u2010CIT) positron emission tomography (PET) scans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled 394 patients with newly diagnosed PD who underwent dual\u2010phase\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010FP\u2010CIT PET scans. Indices reflecting associated changes in regional cerebral hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion on early\u2010phase\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010FP\u2010CIT PET scans were calculated as PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hypo]<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hyper]<\/jats:sub>\n                      , respectively. The associations of PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hypo]<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hyper]<\/jats:sub>\n                      on motor and cognitive symptoms at baseline were assessed using multivariate linear regression. Also, Cox regression and linear mixed models were performed to investigate the effects of baseline PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hypo]<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hyper]<\/jats:sub>\n                      on longitudinal outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a weak correlation between PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hypo]<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hyper]<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.19,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hypo]<\/jats:sub>\n                      was associated with baseline Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III scores (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22121.02,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045), rapid increases in dopaminergic medications (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221218.02,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and a higher risk for developing freezing of gait (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20090.67,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019), whereas PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hyper]<\/jats:sub>\n                      was not associated. Regarding cognitive function, PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hypo]<\/jats:sub>\n                      was more relevant to the baseline cognitive performance levels of visuospatial, memory, and frontal\/executive function than PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hyper]<\/jats:sub>\n                      . However, greater PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hyper]<\/jats:sub>\n                      was associated with future dementia conversion (HR\u2009=\u20091.43,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), whereas PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hypo]<\/jats:sub>\n                      was not associated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings suggest that PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hypo]<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PD\n                      <jats:sub>[hyper]<\/jats:sub>\n                      may differentially affect motor and cognitive functions in patients with PD. \u00a9 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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