{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:52:45Z","timestamp":1786978365427,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002108","name":"Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The neurological phenotype of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the cerebellum and brainstem. Novel neuroimaging approaches quantifying brain free\u2010water using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) are potentially more sensitive to these processes than standard imaging markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the extent of free\u2010water and microstructural change in FRDA\u2010relevant brain regions using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and bitensor diffusion tensor imaging (btDTI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi\u2010shell dMRI was acquired from 14 individuals with FRDA and 14 controls. Free\u2010water measures from NODDI (FISO) and btDTI (FW) were compared between groups in the cerebellar cortex, dentate nuclei, cerebellar peduncles, and brainstem. The relative sensitivity of the free\u2010water measures to group differences was compared to microstructural measures of NODDI intracellular volume, free\u2010water corrected fractional anisotropy, and conventional uncorrected fractional anisotropy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In individuals with FRDA, FW was elevated in the cerebellar cortex, peduncles (excluding middle), dentate, and brainstem (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005). FISO was elevated primarily in the cerebellar lobules (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). On average, FW effect sizes were larger than all other markers (mean\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.43), although microstructural measures also had very large effects in the superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles and brainstem (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.37). Across all regions and metrics, effect sizes were largest in the superior cerebellar peduncles (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.46).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multi\u2010compartment diffusion measures of free\u2010water and neurite integrity distinguish FRDA from controls with large effects. Free\u2010water magnitude in the brainstem and cerebellum provided the greatest distinction between groups. This study supports further applications of multi\u2010compartment diffusion modeling, and investigations of free\u2010water as a measure of disease expression and progression in FRDA. \u00a9 2023 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T03:50:15Z","timestamp":1699242615000},"page":"370-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<scp>Free\u2010Water<\/scp>\n                    Imaging in Friedreich Ataxia Using Multi\u2010Compartment Models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5315-165X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Corben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health &amp; School of Psychological Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiba","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health &amp; School of Psychological Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin B.","family":"Delatycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Victorian Clinical Genetics Service  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary F.","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health &amp; School of Psychological Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Monash Biomedical Imaging Monash University  Melbourne Victoria 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