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This study examines variations in brain activity and oscillatory responses between resting and re\u2010emergent tremors in Parkinson's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty patients with Parkinson's disease (25 males, mean age, 66.78\u2009\u00b1\u20095.03\u2009years) and 40 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls were included in the study. Electroencephalogram and electromyography signals were simultaneously recorded during resting and re\u2010emergent tremors in levodopa on and off states for patients and mimicked by healthy controls. Brain activity was localized using the beamforming technique, and information flow between sources was estimated using effective connectivity. Cross\u2010frequency coupling was used to assess neuronal oscillations between tremor frequency and canonical frequency oscillations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During levodopa on, differences in brain activity were observed in the premotor cortex and cerebellum in both the patient and control groups. However, Parkinson's disease patients also exhibited additional activity in the primary sensorimotor cortex. On withdrawal of levodopa, different source patterns were observed in the supplementary motor area and basal ganglia area. Additionally, levodopa was found to suppress the strength of connectivity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) between the identified sources and influence the tremor frequency\u2010related coupling, leading to a decrease in \u03b2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and an increase in \u03b3 frequency coupling (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distinct variations in cortical\u2013subcortical brain activity are evident in tremor phenotypes. The primary sensorimotor cortex plays a crucial role in the generation of re\u2010emergent tremor. Moreover, oscillatory neuronal responses in pathological \u03b2 and prokinetic \u03b3 activity are specific to tremor phenotypes. \u00a9 2024 The Authors. <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:40:39Z","timestamp":1711500039000},"page":"778-787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Re\u2010emergent Tremor in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence of Pathologic \u03b2 and Prokinetic \u03b3 Activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg 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