{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:55:00Z","timestamp":1773327300631,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FKZ01GQ1802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ01GQ1802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["424778381 \u2010 TRR 295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424778381 \u2010 TRR 295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101077060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101077060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been proposed that tics and premonitory urges in primary tic disorders (PTD), like Tourette syndrome, are a manifestation of sensorimotor noise. However, patients with tics show no obvious movement imprecision in everyday life. One reason could be that patients have strategies to compensate for noise that disrupts performance (ie, noise that is task\u2010relevant).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our goal was to unmask effects of elevated sensorimotor noise on the variability of voluntary movements in patients with PTD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We tested 30 adult patients with PTD (23 male) and 30 matched controls in a reaching task designed to unmask latent noise. Subjects reached to targets whose shape allowed for variability either in movement direction or extent. This enabled us to decompose variability into task\u2010relevant versus less task\u2010relevant components, where the latter should be less affected by compensatory strategies than the former. In alternating blocks, the task\u2010relevant target dimension switched, allowing us to explore the temporal dynamics with which participants adjusted movement variability to changes in task demands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both groups accurately reached to targets, and adjusted movement precision based on target shape. However, when task\u2010relevant dimensions of the target changed, patients initially produced movements that were more variable than controls, before regaining precision after several reaches. This effect persisted across repeated changes in the task\u2010relevant dimension across the experiment, and therefore did not reflect an effect of\u00a0novelty, or differences in learning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that patients with PTD generate noisier voluntary movements compared with controls, but rapidly compensate according to current task demands. \u00a9 2024 The Authors. <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T09:15:50Z","timestamp":1714036550000},"page":"955-964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rapid Compensation for Noisy Voluntary Movements in Adults with Primary Tic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5027-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lille","family":"Kurvits","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9 University Hospital  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3694-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max\u2010Philipp","family":"Stenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Magdeburg  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Neurology Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences  Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health Jena\u2010Magdeburg\u2010Halle  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9 University Hospital  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6758-9708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolf\u2010Julian","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9 University Hospital  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Haggard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Ganos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9 University Hospital  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Movement Disorder Clinic, Edmond J. 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