{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T01:52:06Z","timestamp":1783734726265,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Invasive treatments like radiofrequency stereotactic lesioning or deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus can resolve drug\u2010resistant status dystonicus (SD). However, these open procedures are not always feasible in patients with SD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to report the safety and efficacy of simultaneous asleep bilateral transcranial magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) pallidotomy for life\u2010threatening SD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed bilateral simultaneous MRgFUS pallidotomy under general anesthesia in 2 young patients with pantothenate kinase\u2013associated neurodegeneration and GNAO1 encephalopathy. Both patients had medically refractory SD and severe comorbidities contraindicating open surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SD resolved at 4 and 12\u2009days after MRgFUS, respectively. Adverse events (intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative facial paralysis) were mild and transient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bilateral simultaneous MRgFUS pallidotomy under general anesthesia is safe and may be a valid alternative therapeutic option for fragile patients. Further studies are needed to assess long\u2010term efficacy of the procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T02:54:40Z","timestamp":1713581680000},"page":"1408-1412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bilateral Simultaneous Magnetic Resonance\u2013Guided Focused Ultrasound Pallidotomy for Life\u2010Threatening Status Dystonicus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Levi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Neurosurgery Department Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Stanziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Zibordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Movement Disorders Unit, Pediatric Neuroscience Department Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Fedeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Caldiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosurgery Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1990-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Cilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Golfr\u00e8 Andreasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Braccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Carozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Ciceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosurgery Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan 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