{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T23:56:03Z","timestamp":1772150163803,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated levels of prokineticin\u20102 (PK2), regarded as a protein involved in modulating immune\/inflammatory responses, have been detected in the substantia nigra, serum, and olfactory neurons of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Of note, emerging evidence suggests that gut alterations, including dysbiosis and enteric inflammation, play a role in PD via the gut\u2010brain axis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our goal was to investigate the expression of PK2 in colonic biopsies of PD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mucosal biopsies from the descending colon were obtained in 11 PD patients and five asymptomatic subjects. Biopsy samples were processed for PK2 immunofluorescence and western blot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We revealed an increased PK2 expression in colonic mucosa from PD patients in the early stages compared to controls. In addition, we found that PK2 was expressed by activated enteric glial cells and macrophages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PK2 is highly expressed within neurogenic\/inflammatory cells of colonic mucosa from early PD patients, suggesting a potential role of PK2 in gut inflammation, especially in the early stages of PD. \u00a9 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T08:14:40Z","timestamp":1721895280000},"page":"2091-2097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prokineticin\u20102 Is Highly Expressed in Colonic Mucosa of Early Parkinson's Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0648-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Bellini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders New York University Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Rettura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Palermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Segnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Pierucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa 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