{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:22:40Z","timestamp":1791908560696,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC11932013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC11932013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Invasive deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be effective in treating patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet its clinical use is limited to patients at the advanced stage of the disease. Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) may be a novel nonneurosurgical and safer alternative, yet its therapeutic potential remains unexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study aims to examine the feasibility and safety of tTIS targeting the right globus pallidus internus (GPi) for motor symptoms in patients with PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve participants with mild PD completed this randomized, double\u2010blind, and sham\u2010controlled experiment. Each of them received either 20\u2010minute or sham tTIS of the right GPi. Before and immediately after the stimulation, participants completed the Movement Disorder Society\u2010Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS\u2010UPDRS\u2010III) in the \u201cmedication\u2010<jats:italic>on<\/jats:italic>\u201d state to assess the motor symptoms. The blinding efficacy and side effects were also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>tTIS was well tolerated by participants, with only mild, transient adverse effects reported. tTIS significantly reduced MDS\u2010UPDRS\u2010III scores by 6.64 points (14.7%), particularly in bradykinesia (23.5%) and tremor (15.3%). The left side showed more significant alleviation in motor symptoms, particularly bradykinesia, compared to the right side. Participants with severer bradykinesia and tremor before stimulation experienced greater improvement after tTIS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study suggests that the tTIS, as a novel noninvasive DBS approach, is feasible and safe for alleviating motor symptoms in mild PD, especially bradykinesia and tremor. Future larger\u2010scale and more definitive studies are needed to confirm the benefits. \u00a9 2024 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T09:34:03Z","timestamp":1723455243000},"page":"1061-1069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation of the Right Globus Pallidus in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6540-5311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Exercise and Health Shanghai 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