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Previous research found that, in cervical dystonia, high\u2010frequency repetitive somatosensory stimulation (RSS; HF\u2010RSS) applied on digital nerves paradoxically diminishes sensorimotor inhibitory mechanisms, whereas low\u2010frequency RSS (LF\u2010RSS) increases them. However, direct testing on affected body parts was not conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to investigate whether RSS applied directly to forearm muscles involved in focal hand dystonia can modulate cortical inhibitory mechanisms and clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We applied HF\u2010RSS and LF\u2010RSS, the latter either synchronously or asynchronously, on forearm muscles involved in dystonia. Outcome measures included paired\u2010pulse somatosensory evoked potentials, spatial lateral inhibition measured by double\u2010pulse somatosensory evoked potentials, short intracortical inhibition tested with transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyographic activity from dystonic muscles, and behavioral measures of hand function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both synchronous and asynchronous low\u2010frequency somatosensory stimulation improved cortical inhibitory interactions, indicated by increased short intracortical inhibition and lateral spatial inhibition, as well as decreased amplitude of paired\u2010pulse somatosensory evoked potentials. Opposite effects were observed with high\u2010frequency stimulation. Changes in electrophysiological markers were paralleled by behavioral outcomes: although low\u2010frequency stimulations improved hand function tests and reduced activation of dystonic muscles, high\u2010frequency stimulation operated in an opposite direction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings confirm the presence of abnormal homeostatic plasticity in response to RSS in the sensorimotor system of patients with dystonia, specifically in inhibitory circuits. Importantly, this aberrant response can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes through the application of low\u2010frequency electrical stimulation directly over dystonic muscles. \u00a9 2024 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T09:25:13Z","timestamp":1725960313000},"page":"2220-2229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Amelioration of Focal Hand Dystonia via Low\u2010Frequency Repetitive Somatosensory Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3979-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences 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