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Parkinson's disease is associated with multiple nocturnal symptoms such as akinesia, insomnia, and sleep fragmentation, which may require adjustments of stimulation during sleep for best treatment outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a need for a robust biomarker to guide stimulation titration across sleep stages. This study aimed to investigate whether evoked resonant neural activity (ERNA) is modulated by sleep.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recorded local field potentials from the subthalamic nucleus of four Parkinson's patients with externalized electrodes while applying single stimulation pulses to investigate the effect of sleep on ERNA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that ERNA features change with wakefulness and sleep stages and are correlated with canonical frequency bands and heart rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given that ERNA modulates with sleep, it could be used as a robust marker for automatic stimulation titration during sleep. \u00a9 2024 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T07:19:29Z","timestamp":1732000769000},"page":"351-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stimulation\u2010Evoked Resonant Neural Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus Is Modulated by Sleep"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5728-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Wiest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford  Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7504-7183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical 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