{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:56:04Z","timestamp":1790052964448,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dysregulated leukotriene signaling is proposed to be involved in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective was to examine the safety and tolerability of montelukast, a cysteinyl\u2010leukotriene receptor1 and GPR17 antagonist, in patients with PD. Secondary outcomes were target engagement, effects on PD signs\/symptoms, and central neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen PD patients were recruited to a 12\u2010week open\u2010label trial of 20\u2009mg bi\u2010daily montelukast treatment. Patients underwent ratings with the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS\u2010UPDRS), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire\u201039 (PDQ\u201039), [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]PBR28\u2010PET, and lumbar punctures before and during montelukast treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients completed the study. Three patients reported loose stool. No serious adverse events related to treatment were reported. MDS\u2010UPDRS\u2010Total scores improved by 6.9 points. Very low levels of montelukast were detected in all cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and resulted in a reduction in inflammation\/metabolism markers. [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]PBR28 binding was lowered in high, but not mixed, affinity binders after montelukast.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Montelukast crosses the blood\u2013brain barrier at very low levels and is well tolerated and safe in PD patients. Preliminary effects on neuroinflammation and clinical scores motivate a future randomized controlled trial (RCT) in PD. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T08:25:03Z","timestamp":1738830303000},"page":"739-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of Montelukast on Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: An Open Label Safety and Tolerability Trial with <scp>CSF<\/scp> Markers and [<scp><sup>11<\/sup>C<\/scp>]<scp>PBR28 PET<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-9900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Wallin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurology, Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8790-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Forsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6727-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Svenningsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurology, Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  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