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Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in identifying the causative genes of numerous monogenic disorders, largely due to the widespread adoption of next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in both research and clinical settings. However, many likely monogenic disorders still lack an accurate molecular diagnosis, primarily because conventional NGS methods are not effective at detecting structural variants and repeat expansions, both of which are crucial in many neurogenetic diseases. Recently, long\u2010read sequencing (LRS) and optical genome mapping technologies have emerged as powerful tools, offering the ability to capture more complex genetic variations. These technologies have already led to the discovery of novel genes responsible for well\u2010characterized neurodegenerative diseases (ND), enhancing the understanding of the biological underpinning of these conditions. Although currently LRS is mostly used in a research setting, we anticipate broader implementation of these methods in clinical laboratories in the near future. In this review, we explore the contributions of these technologies to ND research and highlight the remaining challenges for future advancements. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. 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