{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:32:52Z","timestamp":1792740772601,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antidopaminergic medications (ADM) are often used for symptom management of Huntington's disease (HD). Evidence from past research suggests that ADMs are associated with worse clinical outcomes in HD, but their impact on various domains remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used causal inference analysis to understand the impact of ADM use on measures of clinical progression in HD across multiple domains over 2\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used the Enroll\u2010HD database with a new\u2010user design, which compared a cohort that initiated ADM use after the first visit with an unexposed cohort that remained\n                      <jats:italic>off<\/jats:italic>\n                      ADMs. To control for 27 covariates, we used a doubly robust\n                      <jats:italic>targeted maximum likelihood estimation<\/jats:italic>\n                      and conducted two analyses. First, we analyzed ADM treatment 2\u2009years post\u2010baseline and separately for 12 outcome measures. Second, we examined the association of ADM dose with measures of clinical outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ADM\u2010exposed group exhibited faster change in measures of clinical outcome compared with the\n                      <jats:italic>off<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010ADM group, which was statistically reliable in cognitive and functional outcome measures, and the composite Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (cUHDRS). Motor domain analyses showed faster change in bradykinesia in the ADM\u2010exposed group versus\n                      <jats:italic>off<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010ADM but no difference in chorea or total motor score (TMS). Higher ADM doses also showed greater differences compared to the\n                      <jats:italic>off<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010ADM group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ADM use was associated with more rapid change in clinical measures, particularly in cognitive and functional domains. However, assumptions required to establish causation between ADM use and disease progression may not have been fully met, and further research is warranted. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T05:59:37Z","timestamp":1742277577000},"page":"928-937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antidopaminergic Medications and Clinical Changes in Measures of Huntington's Disease: A Causal Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Geva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prilenia Therapeutics B.V  Naarden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. 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