{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:28:24Z","timestamp":1784564904468,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stimulation\u2010induced dyskinesias (SID) from deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) are uncommon; however, they are increasingly recognized. Once considered transient and indicative of effective neuromodulation, SID are now seen as potential therapy\u2010limiting side effects, akin to internal capsule activation. The mechanism and anatomical basis for SID remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study of individuals with Parkinson's disease with STN or GPi DBS who experienced SID in the dopaminergic medication OFF state during the monopolar review 1\u2010month post\u2010implantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed 137 monopolar stimulation observations (105 GPi, 32 STN). In the GPi cohort, discriminative fiber tract analysis showed a strong association between SID and the modulation of subthalamo\u2010pallidal fibers. This correlation was confirmed using leave\u2010one\u2010out and five\u2010fold cross\u2010validation. We further validated this model by predicting SID in independent STN and GPi cohorts, with the GPi\u2010based model accounting for significant variance in SID occurrence in both cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SID from STN or GPi DBS likely shares a common pathway via subthalamo\u2010pallidal connectivity. DBS modulation of these fibers correlates with SID, as confirmed by multiple cross\u2010validation methods. These findings suggest that the fibers are part of a more extensive and yet\u2010to\u2010be\u2010fully\u2010characterized dyskinesia network. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T02:38:52Z","timestamp":1748572732000},"page":"1901-1907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Convergent Pathway for Stimulation\u2010Induced Dyskinesia Following Deep Brain Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4632-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Network Stimulation Institute Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik H.","family":"Middlebrooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Okun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000260077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7916\/tohm.v0.685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.1_suppl_1.S17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/943159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2013-0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26947"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105930"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Methods of Numerical Field Calculation for Neuromagnetic Source Localization","author":"Haueisen J","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"1137","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence \u2010 Volume 2. 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