{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:47:34Z","timestamp":1787802454616,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020643","name":"Medical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T023864\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T023864\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High frequency deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN\u2010DBS) is a well\u2010established therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms, however, its effect on non\u2010motor symptoms is controversial. Low frequency DBS can improve cognition, but its effects on motor functions are detrimental.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our goal was to evaluate the effect on verbal fluency (VF) of dual frequency STN\u2010DBS combining high and low frequency (130\u2009+\u200910\u2009Hz) as compared to 130\u2009Hz or 10\u2009Hz alone and to OFF stimulation. The effect on motor symptoms, working memory, and subjective feelings was also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a randomized order of experimental conditions with a double\u2010blind design to assess the effects of 130\u2009Hz, 10\u2009Hz, and 130\u2009+\u200910\u2009Hz stimulation as compared to OFF stimulation in 18 PD patients with STN\u2010DBS. In each condition, participants completed: phonemic and action VF, N\u2010back task, and visual analogue scales for fatigue and stress level. Motor functions and gait velocity were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Friedman analysis of variance were conducted to determine whether change scores from baseline OFF stimulation, in our primary (VF) and secondary outcomes measures (motor functions, N\u2010back task, subjective feelings) were different in the three stimulation conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      VF improved more in the 130\u2009+\u200910\u2009Hz condition than 130\u2009Hz condition (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006); there was no difference between 130\u2009+\u200910\u2009Hz and 10\u2009Hz (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.2) and between 130HZ and 10\u2009Hz (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.6). There was a significant difference among the stimulation conditions for the motor score (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (2)\u2009=\u200911.1,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), it being worse at 10\u2009Hz than 130\u2009Hz (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and 130\u2009+ 10\u2009Hz (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dual frequency STN\u2010DBS improves phonemic VF while maintaining a beneficial effect on motor signs of PD. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T02:00:22Z","timestamp":1749693622000},"page":"1892-1900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Low\/High Multi\u2010Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Improves Verbal Fluency Maintaining Motor Control in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9401-3301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Cell Biology Institute Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, City St George's University of London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francescopaolo","family":"Cucinotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Cell Biology Institute Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, City St George's University of London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pegolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Cell Biology Institute Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, City St George's University of London  London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Abundes\u2010Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryony","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Cell Biology Institute Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, City St George's University of London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israt","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Cell Biology Institute Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, City St George's University of London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimi","family":"Sawacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Cell Biology Institute Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, City St George's University of London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erlick","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Cell Biology Institute Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, City St George's University of London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-3639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Morgante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Cell Biology Institute Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, City St George's University of London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5346-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Fasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Krembil Brain Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70291-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70049-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-015-9302-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjparkd.2016.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70114-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2016.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.9.1273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70308-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1228711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000540210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1181635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.71.2.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.5.706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.07.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"A Compendium of Neurological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary","author":"Spreen O","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(67)90015-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(99)00066-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.4.1096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0098628316677643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/41.6.764"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.6.1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00567-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1169-14.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdbs.2024.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab3c95"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1333183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.1.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(02)00049-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.005"},{"issue":"69","key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","article-title":"Asymmetric right\/left encoding of emotions in the human subthalamic nucleus","volume":"7","author":"Eitan R","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2016.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51304"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.30254","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T11:34:31Z","timestamp":1759318471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.30254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.30254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.30254","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}