{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:57:32Z","timestamp":1778756252463,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100028297","name":"International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100028297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tremor is one of the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Its severity can be quantified with clinical rating scales and neurophysiology. The pathophysiology of PD tremor involves activity in the cerebello\u2010thalamo\u2010cortical circuit (CTC), which can be quantified with concurrent accelerometry\u2010functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This opens possibilities for fMRI\u2010informed precision medicine, but it remains unclear if tremor\u2010related fMRI activity is a reliable biomarker at the individual level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the test\u2013retest reliability of three PD tremor outcome measures: clinical rating scales, accelerometry, and combined accelerometry\u2010fMRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 26 tremor\u2010dominant PD patients OFF medication on two separate days (2\u2010month interval). On each day, tremor was characterized with clinical rating scales (Fahn\u2013Tolosa\u2013Marin Tremor Rating Scale), accelerometry, and concurrent accelerometry\u2010fMRI. Reliability was assessed using Spearman correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical and neurophysiological tremor parameters were reliable across sessions. Resting tremor\u2010related fMRI activity was observed within the CTC across both sessions. The amplitude of tremor\u2010related activity in motor cortex and cerebellum had a significant, but moderate, between\u2010session reliability. Furthermore, the activity\u2010by\u2010voxel distribution of tremor\u2010related activity within motor cortex and cerebellum showed a significant between\u2010session correlation in at least two\u2010thirds of patients, and intra\u2010individual variability was significantly lower than inter\u2010individual variability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both the amplitude and location of resting tremor\u2010related activity in motor cortex and cerebellum, derived from concurrent accelerometry\u2010fMRI, are replicable between sessions. This suggests that accelerometry\u2010fMRI may be used as an individual biomarker for tremor pathophysiology, to guide intervention studies and assess target engagement of new anti\u2010tremor therapies. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T10:45:13Z","timestamp":1753094713000},"page":"2177-2188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reliability of Neuroimaging and Neurophysiological Tremor Features in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6601-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Angelini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed  Pozzilli Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8971-4282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Centre  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8763-8071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel","family":"Dirkx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Centre  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0165-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Bologna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed  Pozzilli Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza University of Rome  Rome 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