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Our study aimed to develop a patient\u2010derived disease model replicating key pathologies of patient brains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We generated induced pluripotent stem cell\u2013derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons from MPAN patients and examined ultrastructural and biochemical markers of pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MPAN patient neurons displayed \u03b1\u2010synuclein aggregation, axonal swellings, iron accumulation, and severe membrane destruction. In addition, levels of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC\u2010I), linked to cellular stress and neurodegenerative processes, were elevated in patient neurons. Treatment with acetyl\u2010leucine, a potentially neuroprotective compound, decreased MHC\u2010I.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This first patient\u2010derived neuronal model of MPAN provides a useful tool for further research aimed at unraveling the complexities of this disease and developing potential therapeutic interventions. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T09:08:21Z","timestamp":1757927301000},"page":"2811-2818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patient\u2010Derived Neurons Exhibit \u03b1\u2010Synuclein Pathology and Previously Unrecognized Major Histocompatibility Complex\n                    <scp>Class<\/scp>\n                    I Elevation in Mitochondrial Membrane Protein\u2013Associated Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Leonie M.","family":"Heger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Kertess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of 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