{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T06:08:25Z","timestamp":1783836505691,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is the most common hereditary ataxia in people of European ancestry. Diagnosis requires molecular confirmation, which is challenging in low\u2010resource settings. Although FA is listed in Colombia's national registry of orphan diseases, no population\u2010based study has described its epidemiologic or sociodemographic features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate FA incidence in Colombia and characterize geographic distribution, age at diagnosis, educational attainment, and employment status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a descriptive, retrospective, cross\u2010sectional study using Colombia's National Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA) from 2017\u20132024. Only genetically confirmed cases\u2014biallelic GAA repeat expansions in FXN\u2014were included. Variables were annual and cumulative incidence (per 1,000,000), departmental distribution, age at diagnosis, education level, and occupational status. Because age at symptom onset was unavailable, age at diagnosis was used as a proxy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety\u2010two genetically confirmed cases were identified across 17 departments. Bogot\u00e1 registered the most cases (32.6%), whereas Vichada showed the highest adjusted cumulative incidence (58.33 per million). The 10\u201319\u2010year group accounted for the largest share of diagnoses (35.9%); 23.9% were diagnosed at \u226540\u2009years. Marked social vulnerability was observed: 27.2% had no formal education and 60.9% were outside the labor force.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This first nationwide report of FA in Colombia shows low incidence, pronounced regional disparities, frequent diagnoses in older age groups, and substantial socioeconomic exclusion. Expanding molecular diagnostics, strengthening surveillance, and implementing equity\u2010focused health policies are urgently needed to enable earlier detection and comprehensive multidisciplinary care. \u00a9 2025 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T10:53:21Z","timestamp":1758279201000},"page":"2782-2791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Friedreich's Ataxia in Colombia: A Population\u2010Based Study of Incidence and Socioeconomic Determinants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8805-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Correa\u2010Arrieta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenetics, Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Board Genetics Department, Biotecnolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica (Biotecgen)  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4559-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Castellar\u2010Leones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenetics, Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Board Genetics Department, Biotecnolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica (Biotecgen)  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3664-4903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edicson","family":"Ruiz\u2010Ospina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Electrodiagnosis Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Fisiatr\u00eda y Electrodiagn\u00f3stico (CIFEL)  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Disorders Board Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fundaci\u00f3n Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico La Misericordia (HOMI)  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5454-5984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Villamil\u2010Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Disorders Board Department of Pediatrics, Fundaci\u00f3n Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico La Misericordia (HOMI)  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5023-4644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edna Julieth","family":"Bobadilla\u2010Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Disorders Board Department of Child Neurology, Fundaci\u00f3n Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico La Misericordia (HOMI)  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7427-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Ortiz\u2010Corredor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Electrodiagnosis Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Fisiatr\u00eda y Electrodiagn\u00f3stico (CIFEL)  Bogot\u00e1 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